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I read an article regarding pharoah's mummified body and report given by DR.Maurice bucaille.
My doubt is regarding the matter below contradicts Dr.Maurice report which he examined on 1975
1) Salt crystals in the mummy of Merenptah favoured him as the drowned 'Pharaoh of the Exodus' – until it was realised all mummies showed evidence of these embalming salts!
www.jesusneverexisted.com/egypt.htm • Cached
2)The mummy of Ramesses II was discovered in the DB320 cache in Deir el-Bahari, contained within a closely contemporary anthropoid wooden coffin, in opinion more scholars, prepared originally for Ramesses I. The body itself, superficially intact when found, was unwrapped by Gaston Maspero at Bulaq on 3 June 1886. Beneath the outer bandages was found a hieratic docket recording its rewrapping and reburial in the tomb of Seti I (KV17) - before its removal to the Inhapy cliff tomb - and a shroud decorated within an image of the goddess Nut. In September 1975 the king's mummy left Cairo for Paris, were it was to be conserved and studied for eight month before being returned to Egypt. This examination hinted at the opulence of the original burial: linen fragments were discovered within the body, woven in blue and metallic gold. It also provided a possible explanation for the family's devotion to the previously reviled god Seth: Ramesses II, at least, may have been red-haired - as, traditionally, was the god himself. A microscopic examination of sand particles associated with the body suggested that pharaoh was embalmed in the north of Egypt, at some distance from the Nile since no aquatic-plant pollen was found.
Valley of the Kings - KV7
tomb of Ramesses II and his sons - XIXth Dynasty
The condition of KV7 is poor, immense damage having been wrought by the seven or more distinct 'flooding events' to which the tomb has been subjected over the centuries and by moisture-induced swelling of the underlying shale. The site Ramesses II chose for his tomb was not a good one.Although the tomb reverts to the old bent-axis plan, perhaps to avoid an intrusive bed od shale encountered in its excavation, the structure is not atavistic in design, as can be seen from new elements such as the decreased slope of its passages, the form of its first pillared hall (F) with the added room (G) to the side, the radically new design of the burial chamber (K). The reason for turning the burial chamber sideways - and at an angle - is unknown, though the addition of the fourth set of pillars and the large size of this chamber allowed a new emphasis to be placed on the crypt, which was new positioned in the centre of the room instead of at its end. The KV7 is perhaps the largest in the valley, the whole tomb covering more than c.820 m2 and the burial chamber alone some c.181 m2.
http://www.narmer.pl/dyn/19en.htm#3
3)Ramses II
After he died, Ramses was buried in the famous royal necropolis of the
Valley of the Kings, located in the hills on the west bank of the
Nile opposite modern town of Luxor. However, the mummy of Ramses II was
not found on location in his tomb, but was discovered in 1881 among many
other royal mummies in the so-called Royal Cache in Deir el-Bahri on the
Theban west-bank. According to a hieroglyphic text found on the mummy
it was removed from the actual royal tomb for safety reasons by Egyptian
priests in the 10th year of the reign of king Pinodjem (around 1070 B.C.)
after robbers violated the burial. Though the text stated it was placed
together with the body of his father, Seti, in the tomb of Amenhotep I,
it was apparently later moved again to its final resting place in the royal
cache. The mummy is now in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.
http://homepage.univie.ac.at/Peter.Nagl/ramses.htm
4)Death and legacy
By the time of his death, Ramesses was suffering from severe dental problems and was plagued by arthritis and hardening of the arteries. When he finally died, he was about 90 years old. He had outlived many of his wives and children and left great memorials all over Egypt, especially to his beloved first queen Nefertari. Nine more pharaohs would take the name Ramesses in his honour, but few ever equalled his greatness. Nearly all of his subjects had been born during his reign and thought the world would end without him. Ramesses II did become the legendary figure he so desperately wanted to be, but this was not enough to protect Egypt. New enemies were attacking the empire which also suffered internal problems and it could not last. Less than 150 years after Ramesses died, the Egyptian empire fell, his descendants lost their power and the New Kingdom came to an end.
[edit]Mummy
Ramesses II was originally buried in the tomb KV7 in the Valley of the Kings, but because of looting, Ancient Egyptian priests later transferred the body to a holding area, re-wrapped it, and placed it inside the tomb of queen Inhapy. 72 hours later, it was again moved to the tomb of the high priest Pinudjem II. All of this is recorded in hieroglyphics on the linen covering the body.[53] His mummy can be found today in Cairo's Egyptian Museum.
The pharaoh's mummy features a hooked nose and strong jaw, and is below average height for an ancient Egyptian, standing some 1.7 metres (5 ft 7 in).[54] His successor was ultimately to be his thirteenth son: Merneptah.
Mummy of Ramesses II
In 1974, Egyptologists visiting his tomb noticed that the mummy's condition was rapidly deteriorating. They decided to fly Ramesses II's mummy to Paris for examination.[55] Ramesses II was issued an Egyptian passport that listed his occupation as "King (deceased)". The mummy was received at Le Bourget airport, just outside Paris, with the full military honours befitting a king.[56]
In Paris, Ramesses' mummy was diagnosed and treated for a fungal infection. During the examination, scientific analysis revealed battle wounds and old fractures, as well as the pharaoh's arthritis and poor circulation.
President Sadat visiting Ramesses II's mummy
For the last decades of his life, Ramesses II was essentially crippled with arthritis and walked with a hunched back,[57] but a recent study excluded ankylosing spondylitis as a possible cause of the pharaoh's arthritis.[58] A significant hole in the pharaoh's mandible was detected while "an abscess by his teeth was serious enough to have caused death by infection, although this cannot be determined with certainty." Microscopic inspection of the roots of Ramesses II's hair proved that the original color of the king's hair was once red which suggests that he came from a family of redheads.[59] This has more than just cosmetic significance; in ancient Egypt, people with red hair were associated with the god Seth, the slayer of Osiris, and the name of Ramesses II's father, Seti I, means "follower of Seth."[60] After Ramesses' mummy returned to Egypt, it was visited by then-President Anwar Sadat and his wife.
Pharaoh of the Exodus
For more details on this topic, see Pharaoh of the Exodus.
At least as early as Eusebius of Caesarea, Ramesses II was identified with the pharaoh of whom the biblical figure Moses demanded his people be released from slavery.
This identification has often been disputed, though the evidence for another solution is likewise inconclusive as critics point out that Ramesses II was not drowned in the Sea. The primary Exodus account itself makes no specific claim that the pharaoh was with his army when they were "swept ... into the sea";[61] only Psalm 136 implies this.[62][63] According to Islamic tradition, his 13th sonMerneptah was the Pharaoh of the Exodus. Unlike biblical claims, some hadith place his place of drowning at the Great Bitter Lake near the Suez.
Critics of the theory also emphasize that there is nothing in the archaeological records from the time of Ramesses' reign (or that of others) to confirm the existence of the Plagues of Egypt, and doubt has been cast on the reality of the Exodus.
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